Chinas Outward FDI in Latin America Research Paper

Chinas Outward FDI in Latin America - Research Paper Example It also covers the history, characteristics, and statistical data of the outflow and inward flow of China’s FDI in the tax havens. FDI theories were used to identify the type of OFDI in CBVI, and the best-applied theory seems to be the value added round-tripping. The study also examines China’s legislation of 2008, which says that the Chinese companies established in the CBVI will be considered for tax purposes and will be charged 25% of their total global income; this might affect the future OFDI flows. The unusual quality of China's FDI is also discussed as it fails to drop even at the time of recession and will continue to grow stronger with time. The paper is concluded with the writer’s observation. Â  In 2010, China started increasing its investment in foreign countries, particularly in Europe where the increase was recorded to be as high as 102 %, and in the United States, it was approximately 74%. Almost 15% of Chinese companies have chosen Europe for investment rather than choosing the emerging developing economies from Asia(Godement 1-3).The most interesting and worrying fact of Chinese foreign investment is that the first choice among many of the foreign destinations happens to be the British Virgin Islands and the Cayman Islands; these two are known as the tax haven of Latin America (Lina 1-5).China’s investment in Cayman islands is nearly 14 % while 6% goes to the British Virgin Islands out of its total OFDI (China Daily, 2009). The Chinese FDI outflow to the British Virgin Islands and the Cayman Islands substantial, that it prompts a question of why their offshore regions are the most popular destination for China’s OFDI. Â  

Caterpillar Restructuring Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Caterpillar Restructuring - Assignment Example The company is having the revenue of US $ 36.339 Billion in the year 2005 and is currently employing 77000 employees approximately. The company was founded in 1925 as a result of a merger with Holt Manufacturing Co. and it started struggling and established it self because of the lack of competition, they were the pioneers in manufacturing the construction equipments of that time which were also used in the world war I and II effectively, the company sooner captured the market by providing products that were useful for construction which was taking place at its maximum as that era is highly admired for the construction in US, the company kept on moving and did manage to have contracts with leading construction companies, the company was running fine in 50s and 60s and 70s due to wars started by the US and also the world wars, but after some period when the stagnant construction took place, it was assured that the products were having a fall from growth towards the maturity, this Medvedev said in 1987, "Before the war the most widely used tractor was a wheeled 15-horsepower model with iron wheels without tires"(290). The company identified a number of problems in their products, and also this brought them to loss, also there were problems faced in the exports of the tools manufactured by the company. "Construction equipment industry net exports were $7.2 billion at their peak in 1980 and Caterpillar was the world's dominant manufacturer, exporting almost half of its 1981 U.S. production. This U.S. dominance was sharply eroded by the strength of the dollar in 1982-1984 as net exports dropped steadily to $2.2 billion in 1986. Japanese construction equipment manufacturers invaded the U.S. market in this period, pricing 50% below Caterpillar, Komatsu in particular gained 18% of the U.S. market and was able to establish a significant dealer network" (Wigmore, 143/44: 1997). This is showing how well the competition was growing and Caterpillar failed to identify the problem prevailing in 80s, the sales was only 15% from Caterpillar and 85% from Komatsu, and also the problems appeared in the company's operations as a result of the stock problem. "Caterpillar's stock dropped from a high of $73 in 1981 to a low of $30 in 1984. Capital expenditures were cut from $836 million to $229 million, and capital expenditures net of depreciation were negative from 1983 on. Plants were closed in Mentor (Ohio), San Landro (California), Burlington and Davenport (Iowa), Milwaukee (Wisconsin), Dallas (Oregon), Newcastle (England), and Glasgow (Scotland). Employees dropped from 89,300 in 1979 to 54,000 in 1987. Costs were cut 22% through salary reductions, layoffs and early retirements, plant consolidations, and manufacturing efficiencies. Heavy price pressure was put on suppliers, worldwide sourcing was instituted, and 25% of production was moved abroad"(Wigmore, 172: 1997). The company was desperately looking to bring back its

Health promotion initiative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Health promotion initiative - Essay Example It should be noted that the area is crime prone and incidences of drug abuse are very common. According to records, a portion of the population shared needles from intravenous drug use and there is widespread homosexual promiscuity. In the 1990s, the Belle Glade community had the highest HIV/AIDS prevalence rate in the United States. The AIDS scourge is widespread in the entire area cutting across all the major demographics of Hispanics and Black Americans. One of the reasons for the high AIDS prevalence rate is the sharing of needles used in intravenous drug injections. The high risk people include drug users who are also engaged in promiscuity. Lack of knowledge and information about AIDS contributes to the high prevalence rates in the region especially among the gay people. These high risk people are not equipped with the right information on AIDS and therefore inadvertently put themselves and the entire community at a high risk of infection. It is therefore important to undertake a health promotion initiative in Belle Glade community so as to curb the issue of HIV/AIDS. Notably, measures have to be put in place to ensure that new infection cases are eliminated and those that are infected get the right information to live in a healthy manner. It is also important to note that the use of drugs and high rates of promiscuity play a major role in the spread of HIV/AIDS in the Belle Glade community. Therefore, the health promotion is intended to cover the whole spectrum of HIV/AIDS spread and infection management. According to the Ottawa Charter (1986), health promotion is based on the social ecological factors that determine the health of the society. Health promotion initiatives aim at mobilizing resources for good health. It should be noted that health promotion is salute-genetic and it involves a multi sectoral approach. Based on the Ottawa

Plato Essay Example for Free

Plato Essay Socrates gets Laches to agree to a new definition of courage by arguing that not all cases of courage are a sort of endurance. He asks Laches if he would consider courage to be noble to which Laches replies he would. Socrates then asks him would he consider foolish endurance to be seen as hurtful,to which Laches also agrees. With this in mind Laches agrees to a new definition of courage to include only wise endurance. 2/5 2. They conclude that knowledge of a virtue such as courage isnt seen as being normal in the way hat it is,but being the kind of thing that is known consciously and spoken. Somebody who can talk about the subject of courage but dont do well in battle,would have no real insight into what most people would consider courage. 0/5 3. Socrates argues for this conclusion by saying there could be some objection to the claim that courage is both foolish and wise. Firstly,wise courage gives you the belief that you are doing the right thing,but dont have to,but by believing you have wise courage,it is the best thing to stay and fight. However,knowing you havnt the resources for battle,but are considered brave enough to stay and fight anyway,surely this can be seen as both foolish and wise courage. 2/5 4. Socrates asks Laches if he knows the nature of virtue and would they tell others of it. Laches agrees to both questions allowing Socrates to test Laches own knowledge of virtue. He asks him about the part of virtue that is relevant to the art of fighting in armour – courage. Socrates then asks Laches to take into account the actions of the Sythian cavalry who fought bravely whilst running way. These examples are of a courageous nature but do not fit Laches example of courage. Socrates then asks Laches about the nature of courage of the soldiers who man there posts,but adds also about the courage of people in general,wether in battle,politics. poverty or fear. He reinforces his argument by using the example of â€Å"quickness which may be found in running, speaking or playing the lyre. In this case Socrates states that the definition as the quality that does a lot in very little time. Laches has to come up with an idea of courage that takes into account all ideas in which a person might be courageous. One objection that might be made to one of Socrates arguments is that it may only seem like he wants to impress upon Laches that it is possible to have any sort of knowledge of courage at all because Socrates says that the only genuine piece of knowledge he can have is that he knows nothing in the first place. But,as there isnt anybody that knows enough about courage to speak f it,maybe we should take into account Laches continuing courageous behaviour as a kind of knowledge,rather than it being known concsiously and spoken,courage may be the only thing to be considered as an example. Someone who speaks for hours about courage but is cowardly during battle,would have little knowledge of courage. This example is about spoken knowledge and is amplified again by Socrates when he asks Laches to try and embody the very courage and endurance he is looking for in his quest. 18/35

The Story Of Artemis Fowl English Literature Essay

The Story Of Artemis Fowl English Literature Essay The story of Artemis Fowl takes place in Ho Chi Minh City during the modern day or 20th century. The story begins in the summer and is about Artemis fowl, a 12 year old mastermind and the protagonist of the story ; hence the title Artemis Fowl. Artemis lives with his sick and weak mother in a machine. Artemis also has a bodyguard, named Butler, that travels with him everywhere he goes. Butler is not only his bodyguard but also his friend and companion. Butler is tremendously loyal and listens to every command Artemis throws at him. Artemis Fowl is mainly about Artemis meeting the LEP, a group of fairies with magical powers. The sprite that Artemis and Butler meets is extremely messy and is obviously an alcoholic. When they first confront her, they notice that she is very dirty, covered with mud, wearing old rags, and begging for wine. The sprite has a book, which is what Artemis wanted in the first place. Artemis wanted the book to learn about the history of the fairies and their cul ture. Artemis then tricks the fairy into giving him the book for 30 minutes, where Butler takes photos of every page and then later uploads them onto his computer where he has a copy of the book. The main conflict in the book is about Artemis family. Artemis dad, a genius like Artemis, is not mentioned much in the beginning of the story. There is a reason for that, Artemis dad is captured by the Russian Mafia when he tried to become an honest business man. He had a ship full of cola drinks for trade that sank and thats when they lost all their wealth and fortune. Artemis attempts to regain the fortune and wealth that the Fowl family lost. Artemis goes on his quest to regain the family fortune by using the book of the fairies and attempt to steal the fairy gold for his family. Regaining the family fortune is not the only reason why Artemis wants to take the gold, he also wants to help his weakened mother. Everyday Artemis sees his dying mother and that urges him to find some kind of money. Artemis mother sleeps in her bedroom all day. Juliet, a maid, takes care of Artemis mother. Characterization The storys protagonist is Artemis Fowl. Artemis Fowl is a 12-year-old mastermind and genius. He is one of the few that know about the existence of fairies, the other few being his bodyguard, Buter, and Juliet. Artemiss intelligence is highly developed compared to doctors, professors, and even psychiatrists. He reads more pschycology books than psychiatrists. Artemis can pass every test you throw at him. He has made the medical minds confused, and even sent many of them to their own hospitals. Artemis is obviously a child prodigy. Artemis uses his intelligence for criminal activities. For example, he uses his intelligence to trick the fairy into giving him the book. The fairy book was in fairy language, but that was no problem for Artemis. Artemis attempts to translate the WHOLE book from fairy language to english. He does so by trying to translate the language into Latin roots and even Greek roots. From the Latin or Greek roots he translates to english. Artemis can fluently speak man y languages including Gnommish. (The fairy language) Artemis is not athletic, but his intelligence makes up for this. Artemis is the type of boy that spends 10 hours in front of the computer screen. He doesnt do what the average kid would do and play games, instead he does heaps of research of fairy history. Title I think the title of the book Artemis Fowl is appropriate for the story, but I mainly think it is not appropriate. First off, I think the title is appropriate because the main character of the story is named Artemis Fowl. The story is about this character and thats about all that tells. On the other hand, I think the title is not appropriate because I think it is a little bland and dull. All the title says is a kids name and nothing else. With a title like that, it doesnt catch a readers eye. I think a better title would be something like Artemis Fowl and The Great Fairy Adventures because that gives a little glimpse into the story of what its going to be about. With that type of title, readers, especially kids are much more likely to read this book. Recommendation First off, this book is very good. The book just lures you into Artemiss point of view of his great adventures and quests. In this adventure filled book, readers will experience how intelligent Artemis is and how much he misses his father. Reading this book brings you along with Artemis and Butler as they meet many mythical creatures such as trolls, dwarves, and of course fairies. When finishing this book, you will already be in the library looking for the next one in the series. In my opinion, I think teenage readers would enjoy this book the most. I think this because this book is full of magic, prodigies, mythical creatures, and adventures. These elements are what teenage kids read the most these days, so this book is a wonderful book for teenagers.

Proposal: Causes of corporate failures

Proposal: Causes of corporate failures Introduction The issue of corporate failures (CF) became prominent yet again, following the financial crisis of 2007-2008, caused primarily by risky-investments made in the belief of a continuous appreciation in home-values, due to decades of low-interest rates the era of light-touch regulation[1] [Deregulation free-markets]. Furthermore, the collapse of Lehman-Brothers; a large investment bank, brought the issue of corporate failures to the fore and hence sparked the researcher’s interest in the subject. The collapse of Lehman’s has been described as the largest bankruptcy in the world, it was a bankruptcy ten times bigger than that of Enron and it rattled the global and domestic markets in the midst of an economic recession (M. A. Johnson A. Mamun 2012)[2]. Consequently it is included in the literature-review when looking at the causes of failure in an attempt to answer the research question. The Research Question The research question is focused on why corporations fail, particularly the recurring themes from failures. This question is important as the total-assets of companies filing for bankruptcy in the U.S was at $1.159billion in 2008 (Kalwarski T, 2009)[3]. In addition big-businesses in Ireland that went burst in 2010 were five times greater than was seen at the peak of the Celtic-Tiger[4] (O’Carroll L, 2011)[5], with a huge-amount of failures concentrated in the construction-sector. Furthermore, in Lithuania alone the slowdown of the economy amplified the rate of bankruptcies to about 34% in the first half of 2008 (Silvanavicià »tà ¨, S 2008)[6]. Figure 1- Total assets of U.S Public Companies filing for bankruptcy. Source: Business week, chart by Laurel Daunis-Allen [7] Therefore, given the financial-crisis of 2008, the globalization of the world economies and the ripple effect of corporate-failures on economies the society, the need to investigate the recurring themes is vital. (Azkunaga J, San-Jose L, Urionabarrenetxea S, 2013)[8]. This research will prescribe in its recommendations the use of bankruptcy prediction models (BPM) as a way to predict and mitigate the occurrence of future failures. This is important due to the fact that corporations who experience complete failure usually file for bankruptcy under their various national bankruptcy codes. 1.2 Aim rationale for this research The aim of this research is to collect data on the causes of/themes in corporate-failures, exploring the recurring themes the link between the independent-variables [greed, corporate-culture, economic-cycles, corporate-governance, incentive-schemes etc.] and the dependent-variable [Corporate-Failure]. In addition the impact of the economic cycles (a slowdown in the economy/a recession) in failures will be investigated. Furthermore the research will explore briefly the literature on bankruptcy prediction models, so as to make a valid argument for its continued use in the prediction prevention of failures. The rationale for this research stems from the researcher’s interest in the issues that led to the recent financial crisis, the collapse of Lehman-Brothers, the need to curb future corporate failures and a will to contribute to reducing the prevalence of corporate failures. 1.3 New Relevant Research As at 1988 an integrated theory of corporate-failures was non-existent. Hambrick D’Aveni noted that the focus was on small business failures and public sector failures, with the existing literature being mainly qualitative (Daughen and Binzen, 1971; Richards, 1973; Starbuck, Greve, and Hedberg, 1978 cited in Hambrick). The quantitative aspects focused only on financial-ratios (Altman 1968) [9], with the only work carried to contrast the above being that of Miller and Friesens (1977) to point out the characteristics of large unsuccessful and the more successful firms. The shortcoming of Miller et al 1977 was that their project did not consist of firms who experienced complete failures[10]. (Hambrick, D, DAveni, R 1988) This research aims to pull together the origins of failures, the relevant themes on corporate failures, the impact of an economic recession on corporate-failures and the use of prediction models in predicting failures/distress. The relevance of this, will be to update the existing literature and put the different aspects together under one piece of work. Something of this magnitude has not yet being done by previous researchers based on the literature-review. Consequently, this research will would be of practical benefit to academics and students seeking to further explore the subject matters of CF and BPM. 1.4 Approach to the research A top-down approach was followed in in the literature-review and this assisted in the identification of the relevant themes in corporate-failures and assisted in developing a framework which enabled question asking via semi-structured interviews. The research was approached using both primary and secondary research methods. The interview process provided a primary qualitative insight into the viewpoints/experience of professionals/experts in the bankruptcy, insolvency and liquidation industry as to the key themes in corporate failures. Secondary research-methods enabled data collection through a look at the previous cases of failures, newspaper articles, case-studies, reports, peer-reviewed journals etc. The justification for the research approach adopted will be discussed in greater depth in the research methodology [See Chapter 3]. The final objective will be to identify the implications of this research for literature practice (Williams K, Pg. 68 2013)[11]. 1.5 Learning Style Suitability of the Researcher The learning style of the researcher follows a methodical logical approach, going through a step by step process. It is theoretical, involving reading and gathering information from various sources in order to get a broad view of a subject matter. This learning style is appropriate as this research requires sufficient knowledge of the various themes, models theories pertaining to CF and BPM, generalizations about complex issues, including making necessary inductions. The researcher is a Master’s in Accounting Finance student who has completed all taught components of his degree with distinction. He holds an undergraduate degree [BA. (Hons) in Accounting Finance] from Dublin City University with a significant specialism in accounting. The researcher has studied Corporate-Governance (CG), Quantitative-Methods and attended qualitative and quantitative analysis workshops during his studies, including the use of Nvivo; a qualitative analysis software and SPSS; a statistical software for quantitative data analysis. This would enable the researcher to understand the quantitative or qualitative aspects of this research. Furthermore, the researcher has conducted literature reviews and attended full year lectures on research methodology, including the use of the fine foundation’s criteria to critique articles and journals. This backs up the researcher’s capacity to understand the various themes and the ability to carry out a reliable analysis and critique of data for research purposes. The researcher’s academic experience and knowledge of working on individual/group projects, word-papers and essays on related themes such as the impact of the financial crisis on banks, the Goldman-Sachs Abacus transaction, regulatory capital requirements and a proposal fantasy-budget sent to the Irish Institute of Taxation, financial investment analysis of UK Irish corporations have all laid a foundation to handle the cognitive and challenging aspects of this research. The need to gather qualitative data through semi-structured open-ended interviews will benefit from the researcher’s open and engaging approach to formal/semi-formal situations and the experience obtained from previous interviews conducted with the managers of major multi-national companies. The ability of the researcher to listen attentively and ask insightful questions would aid in the collection of good and reliable data. 1.6 Outline of the Dissertation Title page Declaration Table of Contents List of Tables Figures List of Abbreviations Acknowledgements: This section thanks acknowledges those have helped the researcher in completing this research Abstract: This serves as a brief synopsis of the research. It includes the aim of the research, how it was carried out, the findings from the literature primary research and finally the conclusion recommendations from the research. This dissertation is divided into seven chapters, which includes sub-headings. The contents of each chapter are discussed below; Chapter 1: Introduction This chapter acts as a background to the topic, it goes through the rationale for the research, explaining why the research is new relevant and the approach to be followed when carrying out the research. The learning style and suitability of the research as pertains to this research. An outline of the dissertation and finally the scope and limitations of the research. Chapter 2: Literature Review This chapter explores the literature; origins of failures, the causes the themes in CF. Therefore it raises awareness of the themes in the area and justifies the research question Chapter 3: Research Methodology Methods This chapter examines the research methodology using the ‘research onion’. It justifies by critical evaluation, the selection of an appropriate research philosophy approach etc. It explores the options for data collection. It describes the ethical issues that guide the research, the population sample and how data collection, coding and analysis will be accomplished. Chapter 4: Data Analysis Research Findings Data collected using the research methods outlined in chapter 3 will be critically analysed here and the findings will be presented. Chapter 5: Discussion Conclusion This chapter discusses how this research contributed to the area of CF. It draws awareness to the research limitations. It reviews and interprets the research result, consequently drawing a general conclusion by summarising the research findings. Chapter 6: Recommendations Future Dimensions This chapter recommends based on the research findings what could be done to stem the continued menace of corporate failures and prescribes dimensions for future research. Chapter 7: Self Reflection Performance This is the final chapter and it appraises the researchers learning and engagement, looking at the impact this process has had on the researcher personally and academically. Bibliography This references the original works and literature used to back-up each chapter of this dissertation. Appendices This contains supporting documents: charts, interview transcripts, interview questions, tables, figures etc. 1.7 Scope Limitations of the Research This research focuses only on the failure of big-corporations. Therefore it doesn’t take into account why small-business entities fail. The period required to complete this dissertation is a factor that restricted the sample size which was used in the analysis of the recurring themes in failures. A purposive sample-size was used, which permitted for a critical analysis appropriate for the time frame and word count required for this research. 1.8 Contributions of this Research This issue of corporate failures is not a new topic but this research will update and contribute to literature by highlighting the recurring issues in corporate failures based on the collection of primary data from practitioners in the field of insolvencies, bankruptcy and hence give an updated view on any change in corporate failures themes pre and post the 2007-2008 financial crisis. [1] Financial regulation: Light touch no more Britain’s financial regulators are getting much tougher http://www.economist.com/news/21567399-britains-financial-regulators-are-getting-much-tougher-light-touch-no-more. Accessed 21st May 2014. [2] Johnson, M, Mamun, A 2012, The failure of Lehman Brothers and its impact on other financial institutions,Applied Financial Economics, 22, 5, pp. 375-385, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 21 May 2014 [3](Kalwarski Tara, 2009) Corporate Failure: The worst may be yet to come. Tara Kalwarski and Laurel Dauni-Allen, Business Week. http://images.businessweek.com/ss/09/01/0129_numbers/index.htm Accessed 12th April 2014. [4] Metaphor for the Irish economic growth. [5] Lisa O’Carroll: The Guardian Business failures rising in Ireland http://www.theguardian.com/business/ireland-business-blog-with-lisa-ocarroll/2011/jan/07/ireland .Accessed 2nd June 2014. [6] Simona Silvanavicià »tà ¨ 2008, Estimating the Negative Impact of Business Failures on Lithuania, Socialiniai Tyrimai, 2008, 4, pp. 113-120, SocINDEX with Full Text, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 April 2014. [7] Business week, chart by Laurel Daunis-Allen: Total assets of U.S Public Companies filing for bankruptcy http://images.businessweek.com/ss/09/01/0129_numbers/4.htm Accessed 2nd June 2014. [8] Juan Antonio Azkunaga, Leire San-Jose, Sara Urionabarrenetxea (2013): The impact of financial globalization and financialization on the economy in the current crisis through banking corporate governance. Accessed 12th April 2014. [9] Altman, EI 1968, Financial Ratios, Discriminant Analysis and the prediction of Corporate Bankruptcy, Journal of Finance, 23, 4, pp. 589-609, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 April 2014. [10] Hambrick, D, DAveni, R 1988, Large Corporate Failures as Downward Spirals, Administrative Science Quarterly, 33, 1, pp. 1-23, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 12 April 2014. [11] Kate Williams 2013: Planning your Dissertation. Pg. 68. Oxford Brookes University, Palgrave Macmillan, Hampshire England.

LBJ and the Vietnam War :: Vietnam War Essays

Thus far the Vietnam War has shown to be a highly complex situation. Many of times, I have found myself agreeing with Lyndon B. John’s decisions to escalate the war. First and foremost, the United States had made a promise of freedom and tranquility to the people (whom were not part of Viet-Cong) of Vietnam. As an American, it is my opinion that the United States had to uphold its word, essentially its credibility. Secondly, withdrawing troops from Vietnam when the situation was really out of control would make the United States appear weak. In midst of the Cold War, the one thing that was not going to prove true was that the United States was weak. Although these reasons were and are valid, the anti-war movement in conjunction with the Tet offensive required President Johnson to make a decision that changed the perception of the war; he chose to call a halt on the bombardment in Vietnam. The purpose of this essay is to further analyze how the continuing anti-war movement and the Tet Offensive were the reasons that â€Å"America’s fate was effectively sealed by mid-1968.†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The antiwarriors that have been described in Melvin Small’s book have shown to be relentless. They were fighting for a just cause, or at least it was a just cause in their opinion. They were able to organize and rally others to join in their quest to end the violence that was occurring in Vietnam. Between 1967 and 1968, however, a new phenomenon was occurring, the age of the â€Å"hippies.† Small mentions, â€Å"For many Americans by 1967, antiwar demonstrators were not only unruly and potentially violent but hippies†¦serious politically oriented activists became easily conflated with hippies to the detriment of their cause.† (Small, 81) This unexpected result of the antiwar movement definitely did put a damper on the cause because hippies were perceived as these pot-smoking, disrespectful, unappreciative bunch of kids who had no idea what they were talking about because they were high all the time. This proved to be untrue. The hippies w ere just as much as a centrifugal as the other activists, and this was evident in the rally held at the Pentagon.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Although only 75,000 or less activists were there, the event that occurred at the Pentagon was one of the underlying reasons LBJ had decided to end the bombing in Vietnam. What made this event stand out from the rest is that is was one of the largest, and nonetheless, it occurred â€Å"at the center of [American citizens] center of their war-making machine [which] presented a powerful image of a nation in turmoil.